Metaplasticity and non-invasive brain stimulation: the search for new biomarkers and directions for therapeutic neuromodulation

Metaplasticity (plasticity of synaptic plasticity) is defined as a change in the direction or degree plasticity response to preceding neuronal activity. Recent advances brain stimulation methods have enabled us non-invasively examine cortical metaplasticity, including research clinical setting. According current knowledge, non-invasive neuromodulation affects by inducing processes that are similar long-term potentiation and depression. Two blocks usually used assess metaplasticity priming testing blocks. The technology studying involves assessing influence on protocol effect.
 Several dozen studies examined effects different protocols healthy persons. They found can both enhance weaken, even effect. interaction between depends many factors: their effect, duration blocks, interval them.
 Non-invasive be aberrant nervous system diseases, order develop new biomarkers. disorders focal hand dystonia, migraine with aura, multiple sclerosis, chronic consciousness, age-related cognitive changes.
 development new, metaplasticity-based, optimized, combined appears highly promising for use therapeutic practice.